Whats Wrong With The Military Budget Essays - Arms Control

What's Wrong With The Military Budget Essays - Arms Control What's Wrong With The Military Budget Jerry Batorski English II Honors Whats Wrong With The Military Budget? The cold war is over so we dont need to spend so much money on the military, many people say after the military budget grows each year. That is an understandable statement to say, backed with much evidence of misuse in the government. Money in the military is sometimes used on useless things that just cost an incredible amount, but serve no practical use. The budget needs to cut back in certain areas such as buying new weapons and researching new weapon technologies. The current military budget is approximately $291 billion dollars and that is not even enough to satisfy what the military requests, which is $305 billion dollars(clw.org/pub/clw/ef/dodbud01.html). The fact that the new President is increasing the military budget, by some 3 billion dollars and more to come later in his presidency, is almost shocking(CNN News). The military does not need more money, as much as they need to reallocate the money they are currently spending. For instance plans are being drawn up to update out dated weapons with new technologically superior ones. These include buying close to 1,200 RAH-66 Comanche attack helicopters at a cost of $48 billion and 339 F-22s at a cost of $63.8 billion (the stealth technology that makes these planes so expensive will be out of date in a few years)( clw.org/pub/clw/ef/behindnumbers/d10t12.html). A self-propelled howitzer, the Crusader, is being developed at a cost of $13 billion and when development is complete the army plans t o purchase 440 of them at an unknown price(clw.org/pub/clw/ef/behindnumbers/d10t12.html). The president has requested $4.377 billion for fiscal year 2001 for the CVN-77 Nimitz class carrier, being the eighth one in our Navys fleet(clw.org/pub/clw/ef/behindnumbers/d10t12.html). To add to the carriers construction, a small fleet has to be built to protect it, the ships included are several cruisers and destroyers and often an attack submarine, plus other refueling and maintenance ships. Another attack submarine is being built at a cost of $13.1 billion, in order to preserve submarine manufacturing skills at Groton, CT(clw.org/pub/clw/ef/behindnumbers/d10t12.html). Lastly, the LHD-8 Wasp Class Helicopter Carrier will begin construction this year for $1.5 billion(clw.org/pub/clw/ef/behindnumbers/d10t12.html). The numbers and money involved are overwhelming, but do we really need all this? We currently have the most powerful military force in the world with the most technologically advanced weaponry. So why are we spending even more money to improve our forces? Most of its politics, adding to the pork they say in Washington. Pork is a term in which military projects are assigned to private weapon developers so that they will create many jobs in the surrounding communities. In turn those weapon developers contribute vast amounts of money to the political campaigns of the congress people who voted for bills that would give contracts to them. If the Military would cut back in unnecessary usage of the budget, that extra money can be spent elsewhere, in places that will benefit the taxpayer. This money could be put into social programs such as social security, education, and health care. The defense industrys defense is that many jobs would be lost if such massive contracts werent around. But the truth is if the money were to be reinvested in education and health care those jobs wouldnt be lost, but instead recreated in other more important and more productive fields. Another reason for the cut in the militarys budget is to promote peace and not war. Currently billions of dollars are spent on weapons of destruction. How does this promote peace? It only provokes it. True our nations superior militaristic capabilities deter some countries from attacking, with the fear of not standing a chance against us. And so this brings peace, but what sort of peace is this. Resentment grows in countries that have no chance in battle with the USA. This sort of peace is what I call instilling sheer fear in our enemies. This creates resentment, fueling radicals that can do damage to our country in non-orthodox ways, such as terrorist acts. What our country should do is spend more time on the diplomatic tables, preventing wars from happening in the first place and not just stepping in once they happen. This would

140 Key Copyediting Terms and What They Mean

140 Key Copyediting Terms and What They Mean In the world of publishing, sans serif is not a holiday resort, curly quotes arent a cheese snack, and a bastard title is really nothing to be ashamed about. Likewise, bullets, daggers, and backslashes are rarely fatal. Even dead copy is often livelier than it sounds. What Is Copyediting? Copyediting (or copy editing) is the work that a writer or an editor does to improve a manuscript and prepare it for publication. Here, we reveal some of the jargon of the copyediting trade: 140 terms and abbreviations used by editors in their efforts to produce copy that is clear, correct, consistent, and concise. When do we  need to understand these terms? Usually, only when our work has been accepted by a book or magazine publisher and we have the privilege of working with a conscientious copy editor. Lets hope that time is soon. Glossary of Copywriting Editorial Terms AA. Short for authors alteration, indicating changes made by an author on a set of proofs. abstract.  A synopsis of a paper that often appears before the main text. air.  White space on a printed page. all cap.  Text in all capital letters. ampersand.  Name of the character. angle brackets.  Name of the and characters. AP style.  Editing conventions recommended by The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law (usually called the AP Stylebook), the primary style and usage guide for most newspapers and magazines. APA style.  Editing conventions recommended by the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, the primary style guide used for academic writing in the social and behavioral sciences. apos.  Short for apostrophe. art.  Illustration(s) (maps, graphs, photographs, drawings) in a text. at sign.  Name of the character. back matter.  The material at the end of a manuscript or book, which may include an appendix, endnotes, glossary, bibliography, and index. backslash.  Name of the \ character. bastard title.  Usually the first page of a book, which includes only the main title, not the subtitle or authors name. Also called false title. bibliography.  List of sources cited or consulted, usually part of the back matter. blockquote.  Quoted passage set off from the running text without quotation marks. Also called extract. boilerplate.  Text that is reused without changes. bold.  Short for boldface. box.  Type that is framed in a border to give it prominence. braces.  Name of the { and } characters. Known as curly brackets in the UK. brackets.  Name of the [ and ] characters. Also called square brackets. bubble.  Circle or box on a hard copy in which an editor writes a comment. bullet.  Dot used as a marker in a vertical list. May be round or square, closed or filled. bulleted list.  Vertical list (also called a set-off list) in which each item is introduced by a bullet. callout.  Note on hard copy to indicate the placement of art or to signal a cross-reference. caps.  Short for capital letters. caption.  Title of an illustration; may also refer to all text that accompanies a piece of art. CBE style.  Editing conventions recommended by the Council of Biology Editors in Scientific Style and Format: The CBE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers, the primary style guide used for academic writing in the sciences. character.  An individual letter, number, or symbol. Chicago style.  Editing conventions recommended by The Chicago Manual of Style, the style guide used by some social science publications and most historical journals. citation.  An entry directing the reader to other texts that serve as proof or support. clean up.  Incorporating an authors responses to the copyediting into the final hard copy or computer file. close paren.  Name of the ) character. content edit.  An edit of a manuscript that checks for organization, continuity, and content. copy.  A manuscript that is to be typeset. copy block.  A sequence of lines of type that is treated as a single element in design or page makeup. copy edit.  To prepare a document for presentation in a printed form. The term copy edit is used to describe the kind of editing in which errors of style, usage, and punctuation are corrected. In magazine and book publishing, the spelling copyedit is often used. copy editor.  A person who edits a manuscript. In magazine and book publishing, the spelling â€Å"copyeditor† is often used. copyfitting.  Calculating how much space a text will need when typeset, or how much copy will be needed to fill a space. copyright.  Legal protection of an authors exclusive right to his or her work for a specified period of time. corrections.  Changes made in a manuscript by the author or editor. corrigendum.  An error, usually a printers error, discovered too late to be corrected in a document and included in a separately printed list. Also called addendum. credit line.  A statement that identifies the source of an illustration. cross-reference.  A phrase that mentions another part of the same document. Also called x-ref. curly quotes.  Name of the â€Å" and † characters (in contrast to the character). Also called smart quotes. dagger.  Name for the †  character. dead copy.  A manuscript that has been typeset and proofread. dingbat.  An ornamental character, such as a smiley face. display type.  Large type used for chapter titles and headings. double dagger.  Name for the †¡ character. ellipsis.  Name of the . . . character. em dash.  Name of the - character. In manuscripts, the em dash is often typed as (two hyphens). en dash.  Name of the – character. endnote.  Reference or explanatory note at the end of a chapter or book. face.  The style of type. figure.  An illustration printed as part of the running text. first ref.  The first appearance in a text of a proper name or of a source in reference notes. flag.  To call someones attention to something (sometimes with a label attached to hard copy). flush.  Positioned at the margin (either left or right) of the text page. flush and hang.  A way of setting indexes and lists: the first line of each entry is set flush left, and the remaining lines are indented. FN.  Short for footnote. folio.  Page number in a typeset text. A drop folio is a page number at the bottom of a page. A blind folio has no page number, though the page is counted in the numbering of the text. font.  Characters in a given style and size of a typeface. footer.  One or two lines of copy, such as a chapter title, set at the bottom of each page of a document. Also called  running foot. front matter.  The material at the front of a manuscript or book, including the title page, copyright page, dedication, table of contents, list of illustrations, preface, acknowledgments, and introduction. Also called  prelims. full caps.  Text in all  capital letters. full measure.  The width of a text page. galley.  The first printed version (proof) of a document. glance.  A brief listing of information that accompanies a story. GPO style.  Editing conventions recommended by the  United States Government Printing Office Style Manual, the style guide used by U.S. government agencies. gutter.  The space or margin between facing pages. hard copy.  Any text that appears on paper. head.  A title that indicates the start of a section of a document or chapter. headline style.  Capitalization style for heads or titles of works in which all words are capitalized except  articles,  coordinating conjunctions, and  prepositions. Sometimes, prepositions longer than four or five letters are also printed in upper case. Also called UC/lc or  title case. headnote.  Short explanatory material following a chapter or section title and preceding the running text. house style.  The editorial style preferences of a publisher. index.  Alphabetized table of contents, usually at the end of a book. ital.  Short for  italics. justify.  Type set so that the  margin  is aligned. Book pages are generally justified left and right. Other documents are often justified only at the left (called  ragged right). kerning.  Adjusting the space between characters. kill.  To order deletion of text or an illustration. layout.  A sketch indicating the arrangement of pictures and copy on a page. Also called  dummy. lead.  Journalists term for the first few sentences or the first paragraph of a story. Also spelled  lede. leading.  The spacing of lines in a text. legend.  An explanation that accompanies an illustration. Also called  caption. letterspacing.  The space between the letters of a word. line editing.  Editing copy for clarity, logic, and flow. linespacing.  The space between lines of text. Also called  leading. lowercase.  Small letters (in contrast to capitals, or  uppercase). manuscript.  The original text of an author’s work submitted for publication. mark up.  To put composition or editing instructions on copy or layouts. MLA style.  Editing conventions recommended by the Modern Language Association in the  MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing, the primary style guide used for academic writing in languages and literature. MS.  Short for  manuscript. monograph.  A document written by specialists for other specialists. N.  Short for  number. numbered list.  Vertical list in which each item is introduced by a numeral. orphan.  The first line of a paragraph that appears alone at the bottom of a page. Compare to  widow. page proof.  Printed version (proof) of a document in page form. Also called  pages. pass.  Read-through of a manuscript by a copyeditor. PE.  Short for  printers error. pica.  A printers unit of measure. plate.  A page of illustrations. point.  A typesetting unit of measure used to indicate font sizes. proof.  A trial sheet of printed material made to be checked and corrected. proofread.  A form of editing in which errors of  usage,  punctuation, and  spelling  are corrected. query.  An editors question. ragged right.  Text aligned at the left margin but not the right. redline.  On-screen or hard-copy version of a manuscript that indicates which text has been added, deleted, or edited since the previous version. reproduction proof.  A high-quality proof for final review before printing. research editor.  The person responsible for verifying the facts in a story before it is printed. Also called  fact-checker. rough.  A preliminary page layout, not in finished form. rule.  A vertical or horizontal line on a page. running head.  One or two lines of copy, such as a chapter title, set at the top of each page of a document. Also called  header. sans serif.  A typeface that does not have a serif (crossline) decorating the main strokes of the characters. sentence style.  Capitalization style for heads and titles in which all words are in lowercase except those that would be capitalized in a sentence. Also called  initial cap only. serial comma.  Comma preceding  and  or  or  in a list of items (one, two, and  three). Also called  Oxford comma. serif.  A decorative line crossing the main strokes of a letter in some type styles such as Times Roman. short title.  Abbreviated title of a document used in a note or citation after the full title has been given on its first appearance. sidebar.  A short article or news story that complements or amplifies a major article or story. signposting.  Cross-references to topics previously discussed in a document. sink.  Distance from the top of a printed page to an element on that page. slash.  Name of the / character. Also called  forward slash,  stroke, or  virgule. specs.  Specifications indicating typeface, point size, spacing, margins, etc. stet.  Latin for let it stand. Indicates that text marked for deletion should be restored. style sheet.  Form filled in by a copy editor as a record of editorial decisions applied to a manuscript. subhead.  A small headline in the body of a text. T of C.  Short for  Table of Contents. Also called  TOC. TK.  Short for  to come. Refers to material not yet in place. trade books.  Books meant for general readers, as distinguished from books intended for professionals or scholars. trim.  To reduce the length of a story. Also called  boil. trim size.  Dimensions of a page of a book. typo.  Short for  typographical error. A misprint. UC.  Short for  uppercase  (capital letters). UC/lc.  Short for  uppercase  and  lowercase. Indicates that text is to be capitalized according to  headline style. unnumbered list.  Vertical list in which items are not marked by either numbers or  bullets. uppercase.  Capital letters. widow.  The last line of a paragraph that appears alone at the top of a page. Sometimes also refers to an  orphan. x-ref.  Short for  cross-reference.